Accra

Accra’s rapid expansion has pushed development across low-lying areas where drainage, waste management and informal settlement growth are closely connected. Flood risk is especially acute in the Odaw basin, where blocked waterways, undersized drainage and dense neighbourhoods have made storm-water management a metropolitan priority.

The Greater Accra Resilient and Integrated Development programme combines drainage works, flood forecasting, solid-waste measures and upgrading in vulnerable communities rather than treating each problem separately. This approach reflects a broader shift in Ghana’s urban policy toward more coordinated and climate-resilient city growth. In Accra, the quality of future urban development depends heavily on how transport, drainage, serviced land and metropolitan planning are aligned across municipal boundaries.