Chad

Area
1,284,000 km² (2023)Source
Population
21,003,705 (2025)Source
Capital
N'Djamena
Other important cities
MoundouSarhAbéché
Currency
CFA Franc BEAC · XAFSource

Chad spans a dramatic north-south gradient from the Sahara and Tibesti Mountains through the Sahel and Lake Chad basin to wetter southern savannas. Heat is intense and rainfall highly uneven. Earth, adobe, stone, timber and thatch support distinct regional traditions, with compact thick-walled buildings and courtyards in arid areas and lighter, more ventilated structures and plant-based roofs where rainfall and vegetation increase.

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